Austin Kemp calls for........

My late mother had a rather odd ambition in life - she wanted to call for something.  She used to read the newspapers and wonder aloud just how it was that public figures could "call for..." something or other.  She always fancied having a go herself.  You know the sort of thing, I'm sure - "today the Archbishop of Canterbury called for...a ban on green bin bags," or whatever.  Sadly , so far as I am aware, my mother never quite fulfilled her ambition.  I hope to do a little better.

Last week, the Chair of the Family Bar Council, Nick Cusworth QC, called for reform to divorce law.  You can read about it here:

Nick Cusworth QC

Well today, Austin Kemp echoes his call for wide ranging modernisation of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 to give divorcing parties more certainty about what they can expect in terms of financial orders.

Perfect justice?  Perfect confusion!

There are certain legal terms I deeply distrust.  The court's inherent jurisdiction - "I don't know of any authority which specifies that a court can do this but I want this order anyway."  A general equitable remedy - much the same as inherent jurisdiction actually.  A broad discretion - "I can order pretty much what I want and don't have to explain why."

It's that last which I have the greatest problem with.  The judges in the High Court and Court of Appeal seem to love their broad discretion, conferred by the Matrimonial Causes Act, but it makes the issue of how to advise divorcing couples pure misery at times.  What is a party entitled to as their share of the matrimonial assets?  Whatever is fair.  And what is fair?  What the judge on the day thinks is fair.  Well that's a great help, that is.

The right to know what the law prescribes

The philosophy of criminal law is quite instructive here.  The purpose of criminal law is not to punish offenders.  It is to prevent certain unacceptable behaviours from happening in the first place.  So it is of paramount importance that the law should be so clear and unambiguous that anyone can reasonably be expected to understand what it is that they should not be doing.

I don't see why the same shouldn't apply elsewhere.  If the law is uncertain or unclear - and when it comes to finance in divorce, it's all of that - it seems almost to demand that only a judge can decide on what terms a couple separates.  In my view, however, the courts should be the destination of last resort.  To make court hearings unnecessary, it is vital that the present regime is radically reformed to give the clearest possible guidelines and rules to enable parties, with the aid of lawyers if necessary, to work out what each of them should have and what each of them should pay.

Yes, there will be some cases in which one or other of the parties can legitimately feel hard done by.  But there is an old saying, "hard cases make bad law", and it happens to be true.

Community of Property

Nick Cusworth is promoting a law of community of property.  This exists elsewhere in Europe - quite widely actually.  What is says, broadly speaking, is that property I had before I was married belongs to me alone.  Property I acquire through my efforts during the marriage is joint.  Property I acquire after the marriage is over belongs to me alone.  Property inherited by me during the marriage is mine.

Subject to one or two amendments, I think this is perfectly fair and should become the way we do divorce in England and Wales too.  So what are the critical amendments?

Well, firstly, my park bench principle should never be infringed.  If the outcome would leave one party living on a park bench where the other one has surplus resources, that's fundamentally unjust.  So there will have to be a power of the court to make additional provision for one party based on need alone.  Not fairness, not needs generously assessed, because we know where they lead.  Just need.

The second departure is justified by what is referred to as the compensation basis.  Some spouses give up lucrative careers in order to bring up their families.  They allow the other spouse to prioritise their careers instead.  In clear cut cases of this nature, and I emphasise the clear cut aspect, there can be justice in one party being required to continue to pay the other as compensation for losing the chance of that high earning career.

Apart from that, I don't see any inherent unfairness in a community of property regime and I see plenty to complain about in the system we have operated in England and Wales for the last forty years.  Change is long overdue.


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New divorce statistics

The latest divorce statistics were published this week. You can find a breakdown here:-
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jan/28/divorce-rates-marriage-ons

Interestingly, the number of divorces has gone up for the first time in years. Marriages per head of population peaked in modern times in 1972, ironically just 12 months before the passing of the Matrimonial Causes Act, which has governed divorces for nearly 40 years. Since then, with a couple of minor peaks, marriage has been in continuous decline, especially when linked to the number of people eligible to marry. You can find the figures and a graph here:-
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/feb/11/marriage-rates-uk-data

The two graphs look very different. As marriages have steadily fallen per head of population, divorces have risen, held steady and then declined. Now there is the first sign of an increase again. If you look at the two graphs superimposed at the first link, you see a gradual convergence until the last 6 or 7 years. Now it looks as if the convergence may be resuming. Still, one year doesn't make a trend, so only time will tell if the number of divorces is actually going to meet and exceed the number of marriages.
For me, the most interesting and puzzling statistic is to be found here:-
http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/92177/response/229655/attach/html/3/5625%20Final%20Response.pdf.html

I've had a discussion on Linkedin about this oddity – how can it possibly be that of 114,000-119,000 divorces in the years 2009 and 2010, between 85,000 and 87,000 were carried out with public funding? This leaves just 29,000 to 32,000 to be privately funded and dealt with by private lawyers. As there are several thousand of us, this just doesn't stack up. I know that I don't deal with less than 10 clients during the course of a year! If anyone can explain this puzzle, I shall be fascinated to hear what is actually going on.